Sorting Cows in the Fall for Efficient Winter Feeding
By Glenn Selk
Oklahoma State University
Sound sorting concepts of the spring-calving beef cow herd in the fall should improve the efficiency of the feeding program throughout the winter. Any strategy that improves feed efficiency this year should be utilized so that short forage and feed supplies are used most effectively. Before we divide up the herd, it makes some sense to inventory the cows to be divided. How many cows of each age group do we have? Every herd will be a little bit different, but a Research Station Herd in North Dakota can give us data to use as a guideline. Dr. Kris Ringwall of the North Dakota State University Dickinson Research Extension Center reported recently on the average percentage of cows in their herd (by age group) over the last 20 years.
This data points out that 17% of this herd over the years was in the “first-calf heifer” category. The also noted that 11% of the herd was 10 years of age and older. Fifteen (15%) percent of the cows were 2nd calf 3 year-olds. From this data they formulated three logical groups of cows to be pastured together for feeding efficiency:
Group 1: The two-year old first calf heifers. They have higher nutrient needs than other cows that are not growing. They are too small to compete with larger, older, boss cows for the supplement.
Group 2: The old cows (10 years and older) and the 2nd calf heifers. In addition, this group should include any of the middle aged cows that were thin and needed extra supplement. Cows that were Body Condition Score 4 or less would be considered.
Group 3: The remaining cow herd. This is the group that is mature in size and in adequate condition to enter the winter feeding period as at least Body Condition Score 5.
Even after deep culling, because of drought, many herds will still have some cows in all categories. The number of available pastures with some forage and adequate water may limit our sorting options. If only two groups are possible, putting groups 1 and 2 together would be the logical other combination. Ranchers, then want to be certain that the feeding program is adequate to have cows in each group calve as BCS 5 or 6 next spring. Visit with the local County or Area Extension Office for more detailed information about winter feeding recommendations.